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Allergens are substances that can trigger an allergic reaction in sensitive individuals. They are typically harmless to most people but are recognized by the immune system as harmful in allergic individuals, leading to an immune response. There are several different types of allergens, depending on their source. Below are the main categories of allergens:
These are allergens found in the environment, including the air, surfaces, and places where people live and work.
Pollen is one of the most common environmental allergens and can trigger hay fever (allergic rhinitis) and asthma. It is produced by trees, grasses, and weeds.( Tree Pollen, Grass Pollen & Weed Pollen)
These tiny creatures live in household dust and feed on dead skin cells shed by humans and pets. They are one of the most common indoor allergens and are often found in:(Bedding (pillows, mattresses, blankets),Carpets, Upholstered furniture.
Mold thrives in damp, humid environments and releases microscopic spores into the air. Common indoor molds include: Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium, Alternaria
Pet dander consists of tiny flakes of skin shed by cats, dogs, and other animals, as well as proteins in their saliva and urine. These proteins can trigger allergic reactions, especially in people who have a sensitivity to them. Cats and dogs are the most common pets associated with allergies, but other animals (like rabbits, birds, and rodents) can also cause issues.
Food allergies occur when the immune system reacts to certain proteins in food. Symptoms can range from mild (hives, itching) to severe (anaphylaxis). Common food allergens include: Peanuts, Tree Nuts, Shellfish, Fish, Milk, Eggs, Wheat, Soy, Sesame
Insect stings and bites can cause allergic reactions, ranging from mild irritation to severe anaphylaxis. Its include Insect Sting Allergies, Bees, Wasps ,Hornets, Yellow Jackets. These stings can trigger reactions from localized swelling to severe anaphylaxis. a) Insect Bites b) Cockroach Allergens
Some medications can trigger allergic reactions. Common drug allergens include:
Latex is a natural rubber product that is found in many medical devices (gloves, catheters) and everyday items (balloons, elastic bands). People with latex allergies may react to direct contact with latex products, experiencing symptoms ranging from skin irritation to anaphylaxis.
Certain chemicals and substances can also cause allergic reactions, particularly in sensitive individuals.
Cosmetics and Skincare Products
Cleaning Products
Nickel
Air pollution and airborne chemicals can trigger allergic reactions, especially in individuals with asthma or other respiratory conditions. These include:
Cigarette smoke
Vehicle exhaust
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
Some allergens cause reactions when they come into direct contact with the skin. These reactions are typically in the form of itching, redness, and swelling.
Poison Ivy, Poison Oak, Poison Sumac
Nickel
Fragrances and Dyes
Certain work environments may expose people to specific allergens that can cause allergies or respiratory problems. These include: Dust and chemicals in construction and woodworking, Animal dander in veterinary clinics or farms, Latex in healthcare settings, Flour and grains in bakeries, which can cause baker’s asthma.